ʻO ka pigment hao oxide kahi ʻano pigment me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka mālamalama a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā. ʻO nā pigment hao oxide e pili nui ana i ka hao oxide ma ke ʻano he mea kumu o ka hao oxide ʻulaʻula, hao melemele, hao ʻeleʻele a me ka hao ʻeleʻele ʻehā ʻano o nā pigment kala, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hao oxide ʻulaʻula (ma kahi o 50% o nā pigment hao oxide), i loko o nā pigment hao oxide, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke ʻano synthesis kemika, i kapa ʻia ʻo synthetic iron oxide. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka synthetic iron oxide i nā mea kūkulu hale, nā uhi, nā plastics, nā mea uila, ka paka, ka rubber, nā keramika, ka ʻīnika, nā mea magnetic, ka pepa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā ʻāpana like, ka laulā ākea, ke kala, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa, ke kala maikaʻi loa a me ka hana noi, me ka omo ultraviolet a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.

Kaʻina hana:

ʻUlaʻula, melemele, ʻeleʻele: pepa hao i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka oxidation rust

Nā kala ʻē aʻe: Hui (pigment organik)

I loko o ka pahu hao oxide mua, e hoʻohui i ka ferrous nitrate (wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā), hana i nā kristal, a laila oxidize no ʻelua lā a me ʻelua pō, a laila e hele i ka lua o ka pahu, e hoʻohui i ka ferrous sulfate (discoloration), a laila oxidize no ʻelua lā, e hoʻolilo i ka lepo, kaomi i ka kānana i waho o ka wai, holoi, hoʻomaloʻo, a kānana. ʻOkoʻa ka manawa oxidation, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke kala i waho, no laila he 110,130,190 mau helu.

Huli ka pepa hao me ka waikawa i ka ʻulaʻula a huli ka alkali i ka melemele, a ʻo ka hope loa he kumu kūlike ʻole a he waikawa, he kumu melemele waikawa ʻulaʻula

Nā Hiʻohiʻona:

He ikaika loa ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wā, ka mana kala a me ka mana hūnā

Pahuhopu:

ʻO ka sima pōhaku lepo kala; Pena, pena wai, pena, pena me ke kūlana aupuni a i ʻole nā ​​​​moʻo kiʻi; Waihoʻoluʻu masterbatch: me nā moʻo kūlana aupuni;

ʻO ke kūlana aupuni a me nā moʻo kiʻi no nā huahana laholio a me ka palakiko; Hana pepa; ʻĪnika ʻaila me ka ʻoi aku o 80 pigment hao oxide; Pepa hao;

ʻOihana kemika uila, catalysis, ʻulaʻula kila, nui ka hao; Waihoʻoluʻu ʻili uwea; Hoʻoluʻu momona hui, kūlana aupuni a me nā moʻo kiʻi

Resin; Nā ʻeke hoʻoheheʻe wela hiki ke palaho no nā pigments asphalt.