ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika dielectric i hāʻawi ʻia e ka pauka tourmaline i loko o nā mea insulation he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka palekana uila. ʻO ka ikaika dielectric - ʻo ke ana uila kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ai i kahi mea ke kū me ka ʻole o ka haki uila - ua ana ʻia ma kV/mm. ʻO ka insulation epoxy kuʻuna he 15-20 kV/mm, ʻoiai ʻo ka epoxy e loaʻa ana he 5-8% pauka tourmaline e hiki i ka 25-30 kV/mm. Pale kēia hoʻonui i ka haki uila i nā ʻāpana uila kiʻekiʻe e like me nā papa kaapuni mana a me nā mea hoʻokele motika, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o nā kaapuni pōkole a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ke ʻano crystalline o Tourmaline, ka mea nele i nā electrons manuahi, e hāʻawi i kona mau dielectric kiʻekiʻe (ε = 8-10 ma 1 MHz), e kūpono ana no ka insulation i nā mea uila alapine kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, nā ʻāpana kahua kumu 5G) kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka pono o ka hōʻailona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka tangent pohō dielectric haʻahaʻa o ka pauka (tan δ < 0.01 ma 1 MHz) e hoʻemi ana i ka pohō ikehu, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono o nā ʻōnaehana uila.

ʻO ka hoʻopuehu wela kahi pono hana nui o ka pauka tourmaline i ka insulation uila. Hoʻopuka nā ʻāpana uila i ka wela i ka wā o ka hana, a ʻo ka hoʻopuehu wela maikaʻi ʻole e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ke ola a me ka hana—no ka laʻana, emi ke ola o ka CPU ma 50% no kēlā me kēia 10°C piʻi ʻana o ka mahana hana. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe o Tourmaline (2.5-3.0 W/m·K) ma mua o ka epoxy resin (0.2-0.3 W/m·K), no laila ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauka i loko o nā mea insulation e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoili wela mai nā ʻāpana. ʻO nā substrates papa kaapuni Epoxy me ka pauka tourmaline 7% he conductivity thermal o 0.8-1.0 W/m·K, e hoʻemi ana i nā mahana hana o nā ʻāpana ma 15-20°C. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia no nā ʻāpana mana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea hoʻokele LED a me nā mea uila kaʻa, kahi e hopohopo nui ai ka wela nui. Ua hōʻike kahi mea hana LED Kina e hoʻohana ana i nā substrates epoxy i hoʻonui ʻia e tourmaline i ka piʻi ʻana o 30% i ke ola LED, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi ka hoʻopuehu wela i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ke kaumaha thermal ma nā diodes.

ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke komo ʻana o ka static kekahi pono o ka pauka tourmaline i ka insulation uila. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā uku static ma nā papa kaapuni, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona a hōʻino i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā microchips. Hoʻopau ka uku electrostatic mau loa o Tourmaline (i hana ʻia e ka piezoelectricity) i nā uku static ma ka ʻili insulation, e pale ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uku. Hoʻemi kēia i ke komo ʻana o ka static i nā kaapuni e lawe ana i nā hōʻailona—ʻo nā papa kaapuni me ka insulation tourmaline he pale ʻili o 10⁹-10¹¹ Ω, aia i loko o ka pae "antistatic akā ʻaʻole conductive" (10⁸-10¹² Ω) kūpono no nā ʻāpana uila. No nā mea uila mea kūʻai aku e like me nā kelepona akamai a me nā kamepiula lawe lima, pale kēia hoʻemi static i ka walaʻau hōʻailona a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi o ka hāmeʻa. Ua hōʻike kahi mea hana uila Korea e hoʻohana ana i nā papa kaapuni tourmaline-insulated i nā kelepona akamai i ka emi ʻana o 25% i nā hāʻule hōʻailona, ​​​​e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka ʻike mea hoʻohana.

Hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ikaika mechanical e ka pauka tourmaline i loko o nā mea insulation uila. Hoʻoikaika ke ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o ka pauka i ka epoxy a i ʻole ka matrix ceramic, e hoʻonui ana i ka ikaika tensile a me ka modulus flexural o ka mea insulation. ʻO ka insulation epoxy me ka pauka tourmaline 6% he ikaika tensile o 80-90 MPa, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 60-70 MPa no ka epoxy i hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ke kaumaha mechanical i ka wā o ka ʻākoakoa ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā papa kaapuni palupalu, kahi e kūlou ai a pelu ʻia—ʻo ka epoxy palupalu i hoʻonui ʻia e tourmaline he ahonui flexural o 10,000+ mau pōʻaiapuni (ASTM D522-93), hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 5,000-7,000 mau pōʻaiapuni no ka epoxy i hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia, e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ke ola o ka papa.

ʻO ke kūlike me nā kaʻina hana uila e hana i ka pauka tourmaline i mea maʻalahi. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā resins epoxy, nā pastes ceramic, a me ka silicone rubber—nā mea insulation maʻamau no nā papa kaapuni, nā capacitors, a me nā transformers. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka pauka (1-3 μm) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻolaha like ʻana i loko o ka matrix insulation, e hoʻopau ana i ka agglomeration e hiki ai ke hana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili. No nā ʻāpana ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ʻili (SMT), kū ka insulation i hoʻonui ʻia e tourmaline i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe o ka reflow soldering (240-260°C) me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana, e hōʻoia ana i ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻāpana. Eia kekahi, kūpono ka pauka me nā ʻīnika conductive a me nā adhesives, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻohui maʻalahi i loko o nā papa kaapuni multi-layer.

Hoʻokō nā koho hoʻopilikino i nā pono uila like ʻole. Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻolako i ka pauka tourmaline me nā ʻano hana ʻili like ʻole: nā māka i uhi ʻia me ka silane no nā ʻōnaehana epoxy a me silicone (hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana), a me nā māka i uhi ʻia me ka titanate no nā pastes ceramic (hoʻonui i ka sintering). Hoʻohana ʻia nā māka ultra-fine (0.5-1 μm) i ka insulation ʻili lahilahi (e laʻa, microchips) e pale aku i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana, ʻoiai ʻo nā māka coarser iki (3-5 μm) he kūpono no ka insulation mānoanoa (e laʻa, nā wili transformer). ʻO nā māka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (99%+ tourmaline content) he kūpono no nā mea uila aerospace (non-aerospace focus on industrial/consumer) a me nā mea lapaʻau (e hoʻokō ana i nā kūlana ISO 10993), ʻoiai ʻo nā māka kūpono (90-95% content) e kūpono i nā mea uila mea kūʻai maʻamau.

Hōʻike nā hihia noi kūpono i ka hopena o ka pauka tourmaline. Ua hoʻohana kahi mea hoʻolako uila kaʻa US i ka epoxy i hoʻonui ʻia i ka tourmaline no nā papa kaa uila (EV), e hoʻokō ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o 40% i ka ikaika dielectric a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā helu hāʻule ʻāpana ma 18%. Ua hoʻokomo kahi hōʻailona uila mea kūʻai aku Kepani i ka pauka tourmaline i loko o ka insulation papa kaapuni kelepona, e hoʻemi ana i nā hemahema e pili ana i ka static ma 30% a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi o ka hāmeʻa. Hōʻike kēia mau hihia pehea e hoʻonui ai ka pauka tourmaline i ka hana o nā ʻāpana uila, e lilo ia i mea makemake ʻia no nā mea hana uila honua.

No nā mea kālepa kālepa haole, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka pauka tourmaline ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale uila e pono ai ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ikaika dielectric, ka hoʻopuehu wela, a me ka hoʻemi static. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo mai nā keʻena hoʻokolohua mea uila (e laʻa, IEEE, IEC) e hōʻoia ana i nā waiwai uila a me ka thermal e kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoihana (e laʻa, IEC 60664 no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka insulation, RoHS no ka palekana o ke kaiapuni) e hoʻopiʻi i nā mea hana uila e kuhikuhi ana i nā mākeke honua. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻohui insulation laʻana (e laʻa, 7% tourmaline + 93% epoxy) e hiki ai i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻāʻo i ka hana ma kā lākou mau ʻāpana ponoʻī.

He mea nui ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana no nā kūʻai aku honua. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka pauka Tourmaline i loko o nā pahu anti-static e pale aku i ka hōʻiliʻili static i ka wā o ka hoʻouna ʻana—he 25kg mau ʻeke kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala ka mea maʻamau, ʻoiai he 500g mau ʻeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka vacuum e kūpono i nā kauoha R&D liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania TDS a me SDS e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā lula lawe mai (e laʻa, EU REACH, US FDA no nā mea uila lapaʻau). ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kākoʻo loea, e like me nā pae hoʻouka i ʻōlelo ʻia no nā ʻāpana kikoʻī a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike me nā mea conductive, hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka laulima lōʻihi.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo ka hiki o ka pauka tourmaline ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika dielectric, hoʻonui i ka hoʻolaha wela, hoʻēmi i ka hoʻopilikia static, a hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika mechanical e lilo ia i mea insulation waiwai nui no nā ʻāpana uila. ʻO kona kūlike me nā kaʻina hana hana, ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā kūlana ʻoihana, a me nā hihia noi i hōʻoia ʻia e hoʻonoho iā ia ma ke ʻano he huahana maikaʻi loa no nā mea kālepa kālepa haole e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻoihana uila honua. Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia mau pono, hiki i nā ʻoihana ke kūʻai aku i ka pauka tourmaline i nā mea hana uila e ʻimi nei i nā hopena insulation hana kiʻekiʻe a hilinaʻi hoʻi.