ʻO ka pōhaku pele (i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo pumice a i ʻole basalt porous) he mea hana a pili i ke kaiapuni, he pōhaku porous makamae loa ia i hana ʻia e ke aniani pele, nā minelala, a me nā pehu ma hope o ka pele ʻana o ka lua pele. Loaʻa i ka pōhaku pele nā ​​ʻumi o nā minelala a me nā mea trace e like me ka sodium, magnesium, alumini, silicon, calcium, titanium, manganese, hao, nickel, cobalt, a me ka molybdenum. ʻAʻole ia he radiation a he mau nalu magnetic infrared mamao. Ma hope o ka pele ʻana o ka lua pele me ke aloha ʻole, ma hope o nā ʻumi tausani makahiki, ke ʻike nui nei ke kanaka i kona waiwai. I kēia manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia kāna mau kahua noi i nā kahua e like me ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka mālama wai, ka wili ʻana, nā mea kānana, ka lanahu barbecue, ka hoʻolālā ʻāina, ka mahi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka lepo, a me nā huahana hoʻonaninani, e pāʻani ana i kahi hana nui i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

Nā ʻano o ka pumice pele (basalt) a me nā ʻano kino o nā mea kānana olaola pōhaku pele.
ʻAno a me ke ʻano: ʻAʻohe ʻāpana ʻoi, kūʻē haʻahaʻa i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke ālai, hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia ka wai a me ka ea, ʻili ʻinoʻino, wikiwiki ka kau ʻana o ka ʻili kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a emi iki ka maʻalahi o ka hemo ʻana o ka ʻili microbial i ka wā e holoi pinepine ʻia ai.

Porosity: He ʻano cellular a porous nā pōhaku pele, e lilo ana lākou i wahi ulu maikaʻi loa no nā kaiāulu microbial.
Ikaika mīkini: Wahi a ka ʻoihana nānā kūlana aupuni, ʻo 5.08Mpa ia, ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia e kū i nā hopena ʻoki hydraulic o nā ikaika like ʻole a he ola lawelawe lōʻihi loa ma mua o nā mea kānana ʻē aʻe.
Ka nui: Ka nui kaulike, maʻalahi ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wā o ka holoi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka liki ʻana o nā mea, hiki ke mālama i ka ikehu a hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Paʻa biochemical: ʻO nā mea biofilter pōhaku pele he kūpaʻa i ka pala, inert, a ʻaʻole komo i nā hopena biochemical o nā biofilms i ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka uila ʻili a me ka hydrophilicity: Loaʻa i ka ʻili o ka biofilter pōhaku pele kahi uku maikaʻi, kahi e kūpono ai i ka ulu paʻa o nā microorganism. Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika, ka nui o ka biofilm i hoʻopili ʻia, a me ka wikiwiki.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hopena ma ka hana biofilm: Ma ke ʻano he mea lawe biofilm, ʻaʻohe mea ʻino ka pāpaho biofilter pōhaku pele a ʻaʻohe ona hopena pale i nā microorganism paʻa, a ua hōʻoia ka hana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hana o nā microorganism.
Nā ʻano hydraulics o ka mea kānana olaola pōhaku pele.

Ka helu hakahaka: ʻO ka awelika o ka porosity i loko a i waho ma kahi o 40%, kahi haʻahaʻa ke kūpaʻa i ka wai. I ka manawa like, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kānana like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka mea kānana e pono ai, a hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pahuhopu kānana i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻĀpana ʻili kikoʻī: Me kahi ʻāpana ʻili kikoʻī nui, porosity kiʻekiʻe, a me ka inertness, kūpono ia i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism, mālama i kahi biomass microbial kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoili nui o ka oxygen, nā meaʻai, a me nā ʻōpala i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka metabolism microbial.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mea kānana a me ke ʻano o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai: Ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau ʻāpana kiko ʻole nā ​​mea kānana olaola pōhaku pele a he nui aʻe ka nui o ka pore ma mua o nā ʻāpana keramika, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai a mālama i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ke hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻO kona mau ʻano, he nui nā pores, māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, insulation, omo leo, pale ahi, kūpaʻa waikawa a me alkali, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a ʻaʻohe haumia a ʻaʻohe radioactive. He mea maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūlohelohe kūpono, aloha i ke kaiapuni a mālama i ka ikehu.