He mineral ʻole ka Kaolin, he ʻano lepo a me ka pōhaku lepo i haku ʻia me nā mineral lepo hui kaolinite. Ma muli o kona ʻano keʻokeʻo a palupalu hoʻi, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka lepo Baiyun. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ke kauhale ʻo Gaoling ma Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province.

He keʻokeʻo, palupalu, a palupalu hoʻi ke ʻano o kona kaolin maʻemaʻe, me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika maikaʻi e like me ka plasticity a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ahi. ʻO kona ʻano minerala he kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, a me nā minelala e like me ka quartz a me ka feldspar. He ākea nā hoʻohana o Kaolin, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana pepa, nā keramika, a me nā mea refractory, ukali ʻia e nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopihapiha rubber, nā glazes enamel, a me nā mea maka sima keʻokeʻo. I nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka plastic, ka pena, nā pigments, nā huila wili, nā penikala, nā mea hoʻonani o kēlā me kēia lā, ke kopa, nā pesticides, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lole, ka petroleum, kemika, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka pale aupuni a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻano hana
Keʻokeʻo Pelu ʻĀlohilohi

ʻO ke keʻokeʻo kekahi o nā palena nui no ka hana ʻenehana o ke kaolin, a ʻo ke kaolin maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he keʻokeʻo. Ua māhele ʻia ke keʻokeʻo o ke kaolin i ke keʻokeʻo maoli a me ke keʻokeʻo calcined. No nā mea maka seramika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka calcination, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke keʻokeʻo calcined, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ke kaʻina hana seramika ʻo ka maloʻo ʻana ma 105 ℃ ke kūlana māka no ke keʻokeʻo maoli, a ʻo ka calcining ma 1300 ℃ ke kūlana māka no ke keʻokeʻo calcined. Hiki ke ana ʻia ke keʻokeʻo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mika keʻokeʻo. Ana ka mika keʻokeʻo i ka ʻōlinolino o 3800-7000Å He mea hana no ke ana ʻana i ka reflectivity o ka mālamalama ma kahi nalu o (ʻo ia hoʻi, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers). I loko o ka mika keʻokeʻo, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo me ko ka hāpana maʻamau (e like me BaSO4, MgO, a pēlā aku), e hopena ana i kahi waiwai keʻokeʻo (e like me ka keʻokeʻo o 90, ʻo ia hoʻi ka 90% o ke ʻano o ka hāpana maʻamau).

ʻO ka ʻōlinolino kahi ʻano hana e like me ke keʻokeʻo, like me 4570Å Ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka (angstrom) nalu māmā irradiation.

ʻO ke kala o ke kaolin e pili nui ana i nā oxides metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea olaola i loko. Ma ke ʻano laulā me Fe2O3, ʻike ʻia he ʻulaʻula rose a me ka melemele ʻeleʻele; Loaʻa iā Fe2+, ʻike ʻia he uliuli māmā a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā; Loaʻa iā MnO2, ʻike ʻia he ʻeleʻele māmā ke kala; Inā loaʻa nā mea olaola, ʻike ʻia i ka melemele māmā, hina, uliuli, ʻeleʻele a me nā kala ʻē aʻe. Aia kēia mau haumia, e hōʻemi ana i ke keʻokeʻo maoli o ke kaolin. I waena o lākou, hiki i nā minelala hao a me ka titanium ke hoʻopilikia i ke keʻokeʻo calcined, e hana ana i nā kiko kala a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​palapala heheʻe ma ka porcelain.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ka hapa o nā ʻāpana i loko o ke kaolin kūlohelohe i loko o kahi ākea hoʻomau i hāʻawi ʻia o nā nui ʻāpana like ʻole (i hōʻike ʻia ma millimeters a i ʻole micrometer mesh), i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakeneka o ka ʻike. He mea nui loa nā ʻano hoʻolaha nui o ka ʻāpana o ke kaolin no ke koho ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana o nā ores. He hopena koʻikoʻi kona nui o ka ʻāpana i kona plasticity, mud viscosity, ion exchange capacity, forming performance, drying performance, a me ka hana puhi. Pono ka ʻāpana Kaolin i ka hana ʻenehana, a inā he maʻalahi ke hana i ka fineness i koi ʻia ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā kūlana no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ore. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia keʻena ʻoihana nā koi kikoʻī no ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka fineness o ke kaolin no nā kumu like ʻole. Inā koi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kaolin i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uhi e emi ma mua o 2 μ ʻO ka ʻike o m he 90-95%, a ʻo ka mea hoʻopiha pepa he emi ma mua o 2 μ ʻO M he 78-80%.

Hoʻopaʻa pelu
ʻO ke kāpili ʻana e pili ana i ka hiki o ke kaolin ke hui pū me nā mea maka ʻaʻole plastik e hana i nā puʻupuʻu lepo plastik a loaʻa i kahi kekelē o ka ikaika maloʻo. ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke one quartz maʻamau (me ka haku mele ʻana o 0.25-0.15 hapa nui o ka ʻāpana e helu ana no 70% a me 0.15-0.09mm hapa nui o ka ʻāpana e helu ana no 30%) i ke kaolin. Ke hoʻoholo nei i kona kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kona nui o ke one i ka wā e hiki ai ke mālama i kahi puʻupuʻu lepo plastik a me kona ikaika flexural ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ke one i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia o kēia kaolin. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ke kaolin me ka plasticity ikaika he hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ikaika.

Hoʻopili pelu
ʻO ke ʻano o ka viscosity e pili ana i kahi ʻano o kahi wai e keakea ana i kona kahe pili ma muli o ka friction kūloko. Hōʻike ʻia kona nui (e hana ana ma 1 ʻāpana o ka friction kūloko) e ka viscosity, ma nā ʻāpana o Pa · s. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka viscosity me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi viscometer rotational, e ana ana i ka wikiwiki o ka rotation i loko o ka lepo kaolin e loaʻa ana he 70% o ka ʻike paʻa. I ke kaʻina hana, he mea nui ka viscosity. ʻAʻole wale ia he mea nui i ka ʻoihana seramika, akā he hopena koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi i ka ʻoihana hana pepa. Wahi a ka ʻikepili, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kaolin ma ke ʻano he uhi ma nā ʻāina ʻē, pono ka viscosity ma kahi o 0.5Pa · s no ka uhi wikiwiki haʻahaʻa a emi ma mua o 1.5Pa · s no ka uhi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka Thixotropy e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka slurry i hoʻomānoanoa ʻia i loko o ka gel a ʻaʻole e kahe hou ana e lilo i wai ma hope o ke kaumaha ʻia, a laila e mānoanoa mālie i ke kūlana mua ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ke koina mānoanoa e hōʻike i kona nui, a ua ana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi viscometer outflow a me kahi viscometer capillary.

Pili ka mānoanoa a me ka thixotropy i ka haku mele mineral, ka nui o nā ʻāpana, a me ke ʻano cation i loko o ka lepo. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā mea me ka nui o ka montmorillonite, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, a me ka sodium ma ke ʻano he cation hoʻololi nui he kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa a me ke koina mānoanoa. No laila, i ke kaʻina hana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pālolo plastik kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mānoanoa a me ka thixotropy, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka electrolyte diluted a me ka nui o ka wai e hōʻemi iā ia.