He mineral ʻole ka Kaolin, he ʻano lepo a me ka pōhaku lepo i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā mineral lepo kaolinite. No ka mea he keʻokeʻo a palupalu hoʻi, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he lepo ao keʻokeʻo. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ma muli o ke Kauhale ʻo Gaoling, ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Jingde, ka moku ʻo Jiangxi.

He keʻokeʻo kona kaolin maʻemaʻe, palupalu a palupalu e like me ka lepo, a he mau waiwai kino a me nā kemika maikaʻi e like me ka plasticity a me ke kū'ē i ke ahi. ʻO kona ʻano minerala he kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, quartz, feldspar a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe. He ākea nā hoʻohana o Kaolin, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana pepa, nā keramika a me nā mea refractory, ukali ʻia e nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopihapiha rubber, nā glazes enamel a me nā mea maka sima keʻokeʻo, a he liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā plastics, nā pena, nā pigments, nā huila wili, nā penikala, nā mea hoʻonani o kēlā me kēia lā, ke kopa, ka pesticide, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka lole, ka petroleum, kemika, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka pale aupuni a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
Keʻokeʻo i pelu ʻia ʻĀlohilohi
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo kekahi o nā palena nui o ka hana ʻenehana o kaolin, a ʻo ke kaolin me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he keʻokeʻo. Ua māhele ʻia ke keʻokeʻo o kaolin i ke keʻokeʻo maoli a me ke keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka calcination. No nā mea maka seramika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka calcination, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke keʻokeʻo calcination, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ka ʻenehana seramika ʻo ka maloʻo ʻana ma 105°C ke kūlana māka no ke keʻokeʻo maoli, a ʻo ka calcining ma 1300°C ke kūlana māka no ka calcining keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke ana ʻia ke keʻokeʻo me ka mika keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mika keʻokeʻo he mea hana e ana i ka reflectance o ka mālamalama me ka nalu o 3800-7000Å (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Angstrom, 1 Angstrom = 0.1 nm). I loko o ka mika keʻokeʻo, e hoʻohālikelike i ka reflectance o ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia me ka hāpana maʻamau (e like me BaSO4, MgO, a pēlā aku), ʻo ia hoʻi, ka waiwai keʻokeʻo (no ka laʻana, ʻo ke keʻokeʻo 90 ʻo ia hoʻi 90% o ka reflectance o ka hāpana maʻamau).

ʻO ka ʻōlinolino kahi ʻano hana e like me ke keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kukui nalu 4570Å (Angstrom).

ʻO ke kala o ke kaolin e pili nui ana i nā oxides metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea olaola i loko. Ma keʻano laulā, loaʻa iā ia ʻo Fe2O3, he ʻulaʻula rose a he melemele ʻeleʻele; loaʻa iā ia ʻo Fe2+, he uliuli māmā a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā; loaʻa iā ia ʻo MnO2, he ʻeleʻele māmā; loaʻa iā ia nā mea olaola, he melemele māmā, hina, uliuli, a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke alo o kēia mau mea haumia e hōʻemi i ke keʻokeʻo maoli o ke kaolin, a ʻo ka hao a me nā minelala titanium e hoʻopilikia pū i ke keʻokeʻo calcined, e hana ana i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole ka ʻeha i loko o ka porcelain.