Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene i nā ʻoihana e like me nā tile kala, ka sima kala, nā uhi hale, nā pena, a me nā ʻīnika. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma Kina e hoʻohana nui ana i nā pepa kila haʻahaʻa kalapona kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​paʻakai hao i hoʻopau ʻia me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he mea maka.

1. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene i nā ʻoihana e like me ke kūkulu ʻana, ka laholio, nā palakiko, a me nā uhi. ʻOi loa ka hana anti-rust o ka primer hao ʻulaʻula, hiki ke pani i ka pena kēpau ʻulaʻula pipiʻi a mālama i nā metala non-ferrous.

2. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene i ka ʻoihana mea kūkulu hale no ka sima kala, nā tile papahele sima kala, nā tile sima kala, nā tile aniani hoʻopunipuni, nā tile papahele sima, ka mortar kala, ka asphalt kala, ka terrazzo, nā tile mosaic, ke kinikini hana, a me ka pena paia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana pena e hana i nā pena like ʻole, nā uhi, a me nā ʻīnika. I nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā keramika, ka laholio, ka palakiko, ka hoʻopili ʻili, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoluʻu a me ka mea hoʻopiha.

3. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka pena, ka laholio, ka palakiko, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pigments hao ʻokikene no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani like ʻole, ka pepa, a me ka ʻili.

4. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene i nā uhi (nā uhi, nā uhi paia waho) a me nā mea kūkulu hale (ʻasipa kala, nā piliki alanui, nā pōhaku moʻomeheu, a pēlā aku).

5. ʻOiaʻiʻo, kūpono hoʻi ia no ka hana pepa, nā palakiko, nā mea pale pepa, ka ʻīnika, nā keramika, a pēlā aku.

6. Hana ka ʻulaʻula ʻokikene hao ma nā huahana aniani, nā huahana aniani, ke aniani pālahalaha (hana lana), a me ke aniani ʻike.

ʻO ke kuleana o ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene i loko o ka sima a me kona hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he pigment a i ʻole colorant i nā ʻano sima prefabricated a me nā huahana hale hiki ke hoʻoili pololei ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia, e like me nā ʻano ʻili sima kala like ʻole o loko a me waho, e like me nā paia, nā papahele, a pēlā aku. A me nā ʻano keramika hoʻolālā a me nā keramika glazed, e like me nā tile keramika, nā tile papahele, a pēlā aku.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pigment hao ʻulaʻula/melemele/ʻeleʻele i ka pena kaʻa, ka pena lāʻau, ka pena kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka pena ʻoihana, ka pena pauka, ka pena kiʻi, a me ka plastic, ka hana hao, ka laholio, ka ʻīnika, ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani, nā keramika, ka enamel, ka ʻoihana koa, ka mokulele, ka aerospace a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻOi loa i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā pigment hao ʻokikene maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā pigment organik, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui wale i ke kala o nā pigment akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ko lākou chromaticity, Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana a me ka uku ʻana no ke kūpaʻa ʻino o nā pigment organik i ka wā e hoʻohana wale ʻia. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā pigment hao ʻokikene maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke aniau, ka transparency, a me ka hana omo UV o nā uhi, e kūpono loa ia no nā uhi kaʻa. I loko o nā ʻōnaehana aila a i ʻole ka wai, ua hui pū ʻia lākou me nā pigment alumini a me ka pauka pearlescent e hana i nā hopena pena metala like ʻole; Ke hui pū ʻia me nā pigment organik, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke aniau o ka pena, akā hoʻokō pū i nā hopena kala hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me nā pigment organik pipiʻi, e hōʻemi nui ana i ke kumukūʻai hana o ka pena kaʻa.

ʻO ka radiation ultraviolet ke kumu nui e hōʻino ai i ka lāʻau, a hiki i nā pigments hao oxide ultrafine ke omo ikaika i ka radiation ultraviolet. Ke pā ka radiation ultraviolet i ka lāʻau i uhi ʻia me nā pigments hao oxide ultrafine ma luna o ka ʻili, hiki ke omo ʻia e ka oxide hao ultrafine, no laila e pale ai i ka lāʻau a hoʻolōʻihi i kona ola lawelawe; ʻO nā waiwai moakaka o ka mea hao oxide ultra-fine hiki ke mālama i ke ʻano maoli a me ke kala palupalu o ka lāʻau, e kūpono loa ia no ka pena ʻana i nā lako lāʻau.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka transparency, ka mana kala kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ikaika o ka omo ʻana o ke kukui ultraviolet o nā pigments hao oxide ultrafine ua hoʻonui mau i kā lākou noi i nā plastics. He mau mea hoʻoluʻu a he mau mea pale UV lākou. ʻO nā pahu plastik aniani i hoʻoluʻu ʻia me ka hao oxide ultrafine ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​hopena kala aniani maikaʻi, akā hāʻawi pū i ka pale no nā mea UV i loko o ka pahu.

Hiki i nā ʻupena e loaʻa ana nā pigments hao ʻokikene maikaʻi loa ke hana i nā ʻano hopena ʻālohilohi kala like ʻole i nā noi metala, me ke kūpaʻa kala ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ka pena maloʻo ponoʻī a me nā kahua pena hoʻomoʻa.