ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā pigment hao oxide i nā noi keramika. Ke puhi ʻia i loko o nā umu ma nā mahana mai 1000°C a 1300°C, mālama kēia mau pigment i ko lākou kūpaʻa kala, ʻaʻole like me nā pigment organik he nui e pala a mae paha ma lalo o ia wela nui. Hōʻoia kēia kūpaʻa e mālama nā glazes keramika a me nā tile i ko lākou kala i manaʻo ʻia ma hope o ke puhi ʻana, kahi mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hopena kūlike i ka hana nui a me nā ipu lepo kiʻi. Inā hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā glazes glossy a matte paha, hāʻawi nā pigment hao oxide i ka hoʻomohala kala hilinaʻi, e ʻae ana i nā mea hana e hana i nā tile a me nā ipu lepo me nā waihoʻoluʻu like.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kala paʻa kekahi pono koʻikoʻi o nā pigment hao oxide i loko o nā keramika. Hoʻopili like lākou me nā ʻano glaze like ʻole, me nā mea i loaʻa ka silica, alumina, a me nā mea fluxing, e hopena ana i nā hopena kala like. He mea nui kēia wānana no ka hoʻonaninani tile, kahi e pono ai nā pūʻulu nui o nā tile e kūlike pono e hana i nā hoʻolālā paʻa. Mahalo nui nā potera i kēia kūpaʻa, no ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokolohua me nā ʻano glaze me ka mālama ʻana i ka mana ma luna o ke kala hope o kā lākou mau ʻāpana. Mai nā ʻulaʻula hohonu a me nā browns momona a hiki i nā melemele mahana a me nā ʻeleʻele lepo, hāʻawi nā pigment hao oxide i nā ʻano kala paʻa e hoʻonui ai i ka nani o nā huahana keramika.

He maʻalahi nā pigment hao oxide i nā noi keramika, kūpono no ka glaze a me ke kala ʻana o ke kino. I loko o nā glazes, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hopena like ʻole, mai nā kala paʻa a hiki i nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kikokikona, ma muli o ka nui o ka pigment a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka glaze. Ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke kino keramika ponoʻī, hana lākou i ke kala like ma loko o ka mea, e hoʻopau ana i ka pono no nā glazes i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻonaninani. ʻO kēia versatility e hiki ai i nā mea pena kiʻi keramika a me nā mea hana ke ʻimi i nā ʻano hoʻolālā like ʻole, mai ka kuʻuna a i ka wā hou.

ʻO kekahi pono ʻē aʻe ka launa pū ʻana o nā pigment hao oxide me nā lewa puhi like ʻole. Hana maikaʻi lākou i nā wahi oxidizing a me ka hōʻemi ʻana, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hana keramika i ka maʻalahi i kā lākou mau kaʻina hana puhi. He mea waiwai nui kēia hoʻololi no ka hana ʻana i nā hopena kala kū hoʻokahi, no ka mea, hiki i ka pigment like ke hoʻopuka i nā hues ʻokoʻa iki ma muli o ka lewa umu. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻōlinolino o ka ʻulaʻula hao oxide i loko o ke ahi oxidizing, ʻoiai e lawe ana i kahi leo hohonu a momona i loko o kahi wahi hōʻemi.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūpono hoʻi e kōkua i ke kaulana o nā pigments hao oxide i loko o nā keramika. ʻO ko lākou ikaika kala kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano he nui ka hele ʻana o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai mea. Eia kekahi, ʻo ko lākou kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana i hōʻole ʻia ma muli o nā kūlike ʻole o ke kala. ʻO kēia ka mea e lilo ai lākou i koho waiwai no ka hana tile nui a me nā hale hana ipu lepo liʻiliʻi.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, kūpono nā pigment hao oxide no nā glazes keramika a me ke kāhiko tile ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka mahana, ka hoʻomohala kala paʻa, ka versatility, a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā huahana keramika nani, paʻa, a palekana, mai nā tile hana a hiki i nā ipu lepo kiʻi, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi o nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.