He papa koʻikoʻi nā pigment hao oxide o nā mea hoʻoluʻu inorganic me ka mea nui he mau oxide hao. ʻO lākou ka lua - nā pigment inorganic nui loa ma hope o ka titanium dioxide a me nā pigment inorganic kala mua loa, e loaʻa ana ka hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Ma ke ʻano kemika, ʻehā mau ʻano nui o lākou: ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene, melemele hao ʻokikene, ʻeleʻele hao ʻokikene, a me ka ʻeleʻele hao ʻokikene. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene ka mea maʻamau, e helu ana ma kahi o 50% o ka huina o nā pigment hao ʻokikene. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻokikene hao micaceous, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pigment anti-rust, a me ka ʻokikene hao magnetic, no nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo magnetic, e hāʻule pū ana i loko o ka laulā o nā pigment hao ʻokikene. Hōʻike nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pigment hao ʻokikene i kahi spectrum waiwai o nā kala ma muli o nā ʻano oxidation like ʻole o ka hao. No ka laʻana, ʻulaʻula hao ʻokikene, i loaʻa mai ka ʻokikene ferric (Fe₂O₃), ʻike ʻia he ʻulaʻula; melemele hao ʻokikene, mai ka ʻokikene ferric hydrated (Fe₂O₃·H₂O), he melemele; a ʻo ka ʻokikene hao ʻokikene ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka magnetite (Fe₃O₄), hōʻike i ka ʻeleʻele.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hana, he mea kupaianaha nā pigment hao oxide. He maikaʻi loa ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ka waikawa a me ka alkali. He kūpaʻa loa lākou i nā ʻano alkalis like ʻole a me nā mea hana hale i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka sima a me ka lime mortar, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pauka o nā ʻāpana hale sima a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ko lākou ikaika. Eia naʻe, hoʻoheheʻe mālie lākou i nā waikawa ikaika, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma lalo o ka hoʻomehana a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe. No ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka mālamalama a me ka wela, kūpaʻa nā pigment hao oxide maʻamau i loko o kahi pae mahana. No ka laʻana, huli ka melemele hao oxide i ʻulaʻula - kala ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 130°C, a ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka ʻulaʻula hao oxide i ka ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele ma luna o 300°C. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻoihana he nui i nā huahana me ka hana maikaʻi loa e hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. He mea kupaianaha ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ke aniau, me ka hopena liʻiliʻi mai nā kūlana aniau e like me ke anu, ka wela, ka maloʻo, a me ka haʻahaʻa i ka lewa, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea kaulana i nā noi waho. Eia kekahi, kūpaʻa lākou i nā kinoea haumia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, nā aila mineral, nā aila mea kanu, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik he nui, a ʻaʻole hōʻike i ke komo ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-07-2025 
