ʻO ka pigment hao ʻokikenehe ʻano pigment me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka mālamalama a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā. ʻO ka hao oxide ka lua o ka pigment inorganic nui loa ma hope o ka titanium dioxide a me ka pigment inorganic kala nui loa. Ma waena o nā pigments hao oxide āpau i hoʻopau ʻia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka synthesis kemika, i kapa ʻia ʻo synthetic iron oxide.

Hiʻona:

1. Hoʻopuehu maikaʻi

2. Maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka mālamalama a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wā

3. Ke kū'ē'ē'ana i ka waikawa

4. Ke kū'ē wai

5. Ke kū'ē'ē o ka mea ho'ohehe'e

6. Kūʻē i nā kemika ʻē aʻe

7. Ke kū'ē ʻana o ka alkali

8. Maikaʻi ka nui o ke kala ʻana, ʻaʻohe kahe koko, ʻaʻohe neʻe ʻana

Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka pigment, pena, uhi ʻana a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka Fertilizer, ka sima kala, ka sima, nā piliki alanui i ke kūkulu ʻana.