ʻO ka honua Diatomaceous kahi ʻano pōhaku siliceous i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina e like me Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, Denemaka, Palani, Romania, a pēlā aku. He pōhaku sedimentary siliceous biogenic ia i haku ʻia me nā koena o nā diatoms kahiko. ʻO kona ʻano kemika ʻo SiO2, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e SiO2 · nH2O, a ʻo kona ʻano mineral he opal a me kona ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā waihona o ka honua diatomaceous ma Kina he 320 miliona tons, me kahi waihona e hiki mai ana ma mua o 2 biliona tons, i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia ma Kina Hikina a me Kina Hikina ʻĀkau. I waena o lākou, ʻo Jilin (54.8%, me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Linjiang ma ka moku ʻo Jilin e helu ana i nā waihona i hōʻoia mua ʻia ma Asia), Zhejiang, Yunnan, Shandong, Sichuan, a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe he pālahalaha ākea, akā ʻo ka lepo kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia ma ka ʻāpana mauna ʻo Changbai o Jilin, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā waihona mineral ʻē aʻe he lepo papa 3-4. Ma muli o ka nui o ka haumia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana pololei ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka honua diatomaceous ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ʻo SiO2. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻāpana hana o ka mea hoʻouluulu vanadium ʻoihana ʻo V2O5, ʻo ka mea hoʻouluulu co he alkali metal sulfate, a ʻo ka mea lawe he diatomaceous earth i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he hopena paʻa ko SiO2 i nā ʻāpana hana a hoʻonui ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o K2O a i ʻole Na2O. Pili pū ka hana o ka mea hoʻouluulu i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka pore o ka mea lawe. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻakika ʻana i ka lepo diatomaceous, emi iho ka nui o nā haumia oxide, piʻi ka nui o SiO2, a piʻi pū ka ʻili kikoʻī a me ka nui o ka pore. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena lawe o ka lepo diatomaceous i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma mua o ka lepo diatomaceous maoli.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lepo diatomaceous mai nā koena silicate ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka algae cell-single, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo diatoms, a ʻo kona ʻano maoli he SiO2 amorphous aqueous. Hiki i nā diatoms ke ola i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka wai paʻakai, me nā ʻano he nui. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā diatoms "kikowaena" a me nā diatoms "kūlana huluhulu", a he nui nā "genera" o kēlā me kēia kauoha i paʻakikī loa.

ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka lepo diatomaceous maoli ʻo SiO2, me nā mea kiʻekiʻe me ke kala keʻokeʻo a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka SiO2 ma mua o 70%. ʻAʻohe kala a moakāka nā diatoms hoʻokahi, a ʻo ke kala o ka lepo diatomaceous e pili ana i nā minelala lepo a me nā mea olaola. ʻOkoʻa ka haku mele ʻana o ka lepo diatomaceous mai nā kumu minelala like ʻole.

ʻO ka honua diatomaceous, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo diatom, he waihona diatom fossil i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka make ʻana o kahi mea kanu cell hoʻokahi a me kahi manawa waiho ʻana ma kahi o 10000 a 20000 mau makahiki. ʻO nā diatoms kekahi o nā meaola maoli mua loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka Honua, e noho ana i loko o ka wai kai a i ʻole ka wai o ka loko.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano lepo diatomaceous ma o ka waiho ʻana o nā koena o nā diatoms mea kanu wai hoʻokahi-celled. ʻO ka hana kūikawā o kēia diatom, hiki iā ia ke omo i ka silicon manuahi i loko o ka wai e hana i kona mau iwi. Ke pau kona ola, waiho a hana ia i nā waihona lepo diatomaceous ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana geological. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau waiwai kūikawā, e like me ka porosity, ka haʻahaʻa o ka noʻonoʻo, ka nui o ka ʻili kikoʻī, ka incompressibility pili, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me nā waiwai o ka ʻili o ka lepo kumu ma o ke kaʻina hanaKe hoʻoponopono nei i nā kaʻina hana e like me ke kuʻi ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka calcination, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kahe ʻana o ka ea, a me ka wehe ʻana i ka haumia, hiki ke kūpono no nā koi ʻoihana like ʻole e like me nā uhi ʻana a me nā mea hoʻohui pena.