Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōpū kulina ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo kūkulu no nā hua kulina i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu kulina. Hana ʻia lākou me ka cellulose, hemicellulose, a me ka lignin, me kekahi mau protein, nā minelala, a me kahi momona liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻāpana i nā ʻōpū kulina me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kūikawā, e kūpono ai lākou no nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

Ma nā wahi kuaʻāina he nui, ua hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā ʻōpū kulina ma ke ʻano he kumu wahie. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke puhi mau a hāʻawi i ka wela ua lilo ia i koho kūpono no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā hale ma nā wahi kahi i kakaikahi a pipiʻi paha nā kumu ikehu ʻē aʻe. Akā i kēia manawa, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ke nānā nei mākou i nā ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻololi i nā ʻōpū kulina i ikehu, e like me ka biomass pelletization no ka hoʻomehana ʻana maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.

Ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ke hana nei nā ʻōpū kulina i kahi māka. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻana o ka furfural, kahi mea hoʻohuihui kemika koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka furfural i nā huahana like ʻole e like me nā plastics, resins, a me nā solvents. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano porosity kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōpū kulina e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau moho maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he adsorbents. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i nā metala kaumaha mai ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana, e kōkua ana i nā hana palekana kaiapuni.