He mineral ʻole ka Kaolin, he pōhaku lepo a me ka pōhaku lepo i haku ʻia me nā mineral lepo hui kaolinite. Ma muli o kona ʻano keʻokeʻo a palupalu hoʻi, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he lepo Baiyun. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ma muli o ke kauhale ʻo Gaoling ma Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province.

He keʻokeʻo, palupalu, a palupalu hoʻi ke ʻano o kona kaolin maʻemaʻe, me nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika maikaʻi e like me ka plasticity a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ahi. ʻO kona ʻano minerala he mea nui ia o nā minerala e like me ka kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, a me ka quartz a me ka feldspar. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Kaolin i ka hana pepa, nā keramika, a me nā mea refractory, ukali ʻia e nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopihapiha rubber, nā glazes enamel, a me nā mea maka sima keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi i ka plastic, ka pena, nā pigments, nā huila wili, nā penikala, nā mea hoʻonani o kēlā me kēia lā, ke kopa, nā pesticides, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lole, ka petroleum, kemika, nā mea kūkulu hale, ka pale aupuni, a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā minelala i loko o ke kaolin ma ke ʻano maoli, ua māhele ʻia i nā minelala lepo a me nā minelala ʻaʻole lepo. ʻO nā minelala lepo e komo pū me nā minelala hui kaolinite a me kahi liʻiliʻi o montmorillonite, mica, a me chlorite; ʻO nā minelala ʻaʻole lepo e komo pū me ka feldspar, quartz, a me hydrates, a me kekahi mau minelala hao e like me hematite, siderite, limonite, nā minelala titanium e like me rutile, a me nā mea olaola e like me nā olonā mea kanu. ʻO ke kumu nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana o kaolin, ʻo ia nā minelala lepo.

Ua lilo ʻo Kaolin i mea maka mineral koʻikoʻi no nā ʻoihana he nui e like me ka hana pepa, nā keramika, ka laholio, ka ʻenekinia kemika, nā uhi ʻana, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka pale kaua aupuni.

ʻO ka ʻoihana keramika ka ʻoihana mua loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kaolin. ʻO ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he 20% a 30% o ke ʻano hana. ʻO ke kuleana o ke kaolin i loko o nā keramika, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā Al2O3, he mea maikaʻi ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mullite, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kona kūpaʻa kemika a me ka ikaika sintering. I ka wā sintering, hoʻopau ʻo kaolin e hana i ka mullite, e hana ana i ke ʻano nui no ka ikaika o ke kino. Hiki i kēia ke pale i ka deformation o ka huahana, hoʻonui i ka mahana puhi, a hāʻawi pū i ke kino i kahi kekelē o ke keʻokeʻo. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā kaolin kahi kekelē o ka plasticity, adhesion, suspension, a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka lepo porcelain a me ka glaze me ka formability maikaʻi, e hoʻolilo ana i ke kino lepo keramika i mea maikaʻi no ke kino kaʻa a me ka grouting, e maʻalahi ai ke hana. Inā hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā uea, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka insulation a hōʻemi i ka pohō dielectric.

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​​​​​kīnā koʻikoʻi o nā keramika no ka plasticity, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka ikaika maloʻo, ka hoʻoemi sintering, nā waiwai sintering, ke kū'ē ʻana i ke ahi, a me ke keʻokeʻo ma hope o ke ahi ʻana o kaolin, akā pili pū kekahi i nā waiwai kemika, ʻoiai ke alo o nā mea chromogenic e like me ka hao, titanium, keleawe, chromium, a me ka manganese, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ke keʻokeʻo ma hope o ke ahi ʻana a hana i nā kiko.

ʻO ke koi no ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ke kaolin, ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, i loaʻa i ka lepo porcelain ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka ikaika maloʻo. Eia nō naʻe, no nā kaʻina hana hoʻolei e pono ai ka hoʻolei wikiwiki ʻana, ka wikiwiki o ka grouting, a me ka wikiwiki o ka dehydration, pono e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā mea hoʻohui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka crystallinity o ka kaolinite i loko o kaolin e hoʻopilikia nui hoʻi i ka hana o nā billets porcelain. Inā maikaʻi ka crystallinity, haʻahaʻa ka plasticity a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa, liʻiliʻi ka shrinkage maloʻo, kiʻekiʻe ka mahana sintering, a ua emi pū ka ʻike haumia; Ma ke ʻano ʻē, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona plasticity, ʻoi aku ka shrinkage maloʻo, haʻahaʻa ka mahana sintering, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike haumia e pili ana.