ʻO ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau o ka pauka keʻokeʻo X-ray amorphous silicic acid a me nā huahana silicate, e pili ana i ka silica precipitated, fumed silica a me ka ultra-fine silica gel, a me ka pauka synthetic aluminum silicate a me ka calcium silicate. He mea porous ka kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo, a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano e SiO2 · nH2O, kahi e loaʻa ai ka nH2O ma ke ʻano o nā hui hydroxyl o luna. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka soda caustic a me ka hydrofluoric acid, hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka wai, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā waikawa (koe naʻe ka hydrofluoric acid). Ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke lapalapa, ʻaʻohe ʻala, ʻaʻohe ʻala, a me ka insulation uila maikaʻi loa.

Kumu
Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā pono o nā huahana kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui. Nā huahana laholio pelu
Hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo i nā huahana laholio kala e pani i ke kalapona ʻeleʻele no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, e hoʻokō ana i nā pono o nā huahana keʻokeʻo a semi-transparent paha. Loaʻa iā Silica ka hoʻopili maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa i ka haehae, ke kūpaʻa i ka wela a me ke kūpaʻa i ka ʻelemakule, no laila hiki iā ia ke pani i kahi ʻāpana o ke kalapona ʻeleʻele i nā huahana laholio ʻeleʻele e loaʻa ai nā huahana laholio kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā kaila off-road, nā kaila ʻenekinia, nā kaila radial, a pēlā aku.

Nā kemika mahiʻai
I loko o nā kemika mahiʻai, e like me nā pesticides a me nā mea hoʻouluulu pīpī kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he mea lawe, mea hoʻoheheʻe, a i ʻole mea hoʻoheheʻe hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o nā granules hoʻoheheʻe wai (WDG). Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi ʻike o kahi 10%. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka pono lōʻihi ma muli o kona ʻili kiʻekiʻe loa, ka hiki ke adsorption kiʻekiʻe loa, ka hoʻokuʻu maʻalahi, ka pilina maikaʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. ʻOiai ma lalo o ka ua, ka holoi ʻana, a me nā kūlana wela, hiki ke noho mau no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Nā huahana kemika o kēlā me kēia lā
ʻO ka toothpaste kala ʻole a me ka opaque me ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo e like me ka mea hoʻopihapiha a me ka abrasive, nona ka maʻalahi a me ka dispersibility maikaʻi, ka paʻi palupalu a palupalu, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka abrasion, a ʻaʻole ia e ʻinoʻino i ke kino o ka paipu toothpaste; Hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ka toothpaste lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ka launa maikaʻi me ka fluoride, hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka hemahema o nā paʻakai hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i hana ʻia e nā paʻakai calcium e like me nā abrasives.

Hoʻopili
Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻopili i hana ʻia me ka laholio kūlohelohe a i ʻole ka laholio synthetic, hāʻawi ia i ka thixotropy a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ʻoiai e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, e hoʻolilo ana ia i mea kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono.

Mea hoʻōki i ka caking
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo i kekahi mau huahana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai manuahi, e like me nā mea hoʻouluulu mauʻu, nā fungicides, nā mea abrasives wili wili, nā mea hoʻokeʻokeʻo holoi lole, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka phenolic injection o ka urotropine, nā huahana plastik o nā phenols a me ka urea, ka hana ʻana o ka sulfur rubber a me nā hui anti caking.

Mea hoʻopiha pepa
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihapiha pepa hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻīnika a me ka ikaika mechanical o ka pepa, hoʻonui i ke keʻokeʻo, a hoʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka ʻāpana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō pono i ka māmā o ka pepa, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana pepa.

ʻO ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo kinoea kekahi o nā mea hou inorganic ultra-fine kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā ʻāpana, he ʻili ākea nui kona, ka ikaika adsorption ʻili ikaika, ka ikehu ʻili nui, ka maʻemaʻe kemika kiʻekiʻe, ka hana hoʻopuehu maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ke kūpaʻa, a he mau waiwai kūikawā. Me kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka mānoanoa, a me ka thixotropy, he mau ʻano kūikawā kona ma nā ʻano aʻo a me nā kahua he nui a pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui. ʻO ke kalapona ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo kinoea, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "nano white carbon black", hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, mea lawe catalyst, petrochemical, decolorizing agent, extinction agent, rubber reinforcement agent, plastic filling agent, ink thickener, metal soft polishing agent, insulation and thermal insulation filling agent, advanced daily cosmetics filling and spraying materials, medicine, environment and other fields. A hāʻawi ia i kahi kahua mea hou a me ka hōʻoia ʻenehana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kahua ʻoihana pili. Ma muli o kāna mau hana kūikawā i ka magnetism, catalysis, light absorption, thermal resistance, a me ka heheʻe ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea maʻamau, ua loaʻa iā ia ka nānā nui mai ka poʻe.