No nā aquarium, lawelawe ke one kala ma ke ʻano he substrate hana a hoʻonaninani e kākoʻo ana i ke ola wai me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pahu. ʻO nā iʻa e like me nā cichlids (e noho ana i nā loko pōhaku, one ma ʻApelika) a i ʻole nā ​​tetras (mai nā muliwai Amazonian me nā lalo one) e ulu maikaʻi i nā wahi me nā substrates one, no ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke kānana i ke one no ka meaʻai a hana paha i nā pūnana. Hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ke one kala no nā aquarium i mea inert - ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka pH wai, ka paʻakikī, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pae ammonia, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i kahi kūlana paʻa no ka iʻa. ʻO kahi koho maʻamau no nā aquarium wai maʻemaʻe he one kala kūlohelohe i nā aka o ka beige, tan, a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele māmā, e hoʻohālike ana i nā moena muliwai a i ʻole nā ​​​​lalo o ka loko kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā ʻano iʻa he nui. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā kala ʻoi aku ka ikaika e like me ka uliuli a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā aquarium hoʻonaninani - ua hana kekahi mea leʻaleʻa ma Los Angeles i kahi pahu wai maʻemaʻe me ke kumuhana "coral reef" e hoʻohana ana i ke one kala polū ma ke ʻano he substrate, i hui pū ʻia me ka coral artificial a me nā iʻa tropical, e hopena ana i kahi hōʻikeʻike kupaianaha i lanakila i kahi hoʻokūkū aquarium kūloko.

Kākoʻo pū ke one kala i ke olakino o nā mea kanu aquarium a me nā invertebrates. ʻO nā mea kanu wai e like me nā pahi kaua Amazon a i ʻole Java ferns e aʻa maʻalahi i loko o nā substrates one, kahi e ʻae ai i ko lākou aʻa e pālahalaha a omo i nā meaʻai. ʻAʻole e like me ke one, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a kāohi i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa, hāʻawi ke one i kahi ʻano palupalu a porous e paipai ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu olakino. Loaʻa pū nā invertebrates e like me ka ʻōpae a i ʻole nā ​​​​snails mai ke one kala - kānana lākou i loko o ke one e ʻimi i ka algae a i ʻole ka meaʻai i koe, a pale nā ​​​​ʻāpana laumania i ka hōʻino ʻana i kā lākou exoskeletons palupalu. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e kahi hui noiʻi aquarium he 25% kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka ʻōpae i mālama ʻia i loko o nā substrates one i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea i loko o ke one, ma muli o ke ʻano mālie o ke one a me ka hiki ke kākoʻo i nā ʻano ʻai kūlohelohe.

No nā terrariums e noho ana i nā reptiles (e like me nā moʻo ʻumiʻumi a i ʻole nā ​​​​geckos leopard) a i ʻole nā ​​​​amphibians (e like me nā rana a i ʻole salamanders), hana ke one kala i kahi substrate kūlohelohe e kākoʻo ana i kā lākou mau pono kūikawā. Pono nā reptiles e noho ana i ka wao nahele, e like me nā moʻo ʻumiʻumi, i kahi substrate one e hoʻohālike i ko lākou wahi noho maloʻo - ʻo ke one kala i nā aka melemele, ʻalani, a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele māmā he kūpono, no ka mea e hiki ai i nā reptiles ke ʻeli (kahi ʻano kūlohelohe e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ke kino). ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāpana one (1-3 mm) he liʻiliʻi ia e ʻae i ka ʻeli ʻana akā lawa ka nui e pale ai i ka impaction (kahi pilikia olakino maʻamau kahi e ʻai ai nā reptiles i ka substrate, e alakaʻi ana i nā blockages digestive). Ua hoʻohana kekahi mea hānai reptile ma Miami i ke one kala ʻalani i loko o kā lākou mau terrariums dragon bearded: ʻaʻole wale ke one e like me ke kua'āina o Australia (ka wahi noho maoli o nā moʻo ʻumiʻumi) akā ua paipai pū i nā moʻo e ʻeli, e hopena ana i nā holoholona olakino a ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

ʻO nā terrariums Amphibian, ka mea e pono ai ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e pōmaikaʻi pū kekahi mai ke one kala—ke hui pū ʻia me ka olonā niu a i ʻole ka sphagnum moss, hana ia i kahi substrate mālama-makū e kākoʻo ana i nā ʻano e like me nā rana dart a i ʻole axolotls. ʻO ke ʻano inert o ke one e pale aku iā ia mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ʻino ʻoiai i nā kūlana pulu, a hiki ke koho ʻia kona kala e kūlike me ke kumumanaʻo o ka terrarium—ua hana kekahi mea hobbyist i kahi terrarium me ke kumuhana "papahele nahele" no nā rana dart e hoʻohana ana i ke one kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele, i hui pū ʻia me nā mea kanu ola a me ka moss, e hana ana i kahi nohona e like me ke kaiapuni tropical maoli o nā rana.

I ke koho ʻana i ke one kala no nā aquarium a i ʻole nā ​​terrarium, ʻo ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi ka mea nui. Pono ke one ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe metala kaumaha, nā kala, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kemika e hiki ke hōʻeha i nā holoholona - e ʻimi i nā huahana e kūlike me nā kūlana e like me nā alakaʻi palekana mea pāʻani a ka CPSC (ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea pāʻani, hōʻoia kēia mau kūlana i ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻawaʻawa) a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​palapala hōʻoia kikoʻī aquarium mai nā hui e like me ka Global Aquaculture Alliance. Pono e holoi ʻia a holoi maikaʻi ʻia ke one e wehe i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpala, hiki ke hoʻopōʻeleʻele i ka wai aquarium a hoʻonāukiuki paha i ka ʻili reptile. No nā aquarium, he mea nui e koho i ke one "aqua-safe" - i hoʻāʻo ʻia e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻokuʻu paha i nā mineral i loko o ka wai. No nā terrarium, pono ke one e pale i ka wela, no ka mea, he nui nā pā reptile e hoʻohana ana i nā kukui wela e hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana i 30-40°C.

He maʻalahi a pololei ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano one kala. I loko o nā aquarium, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia ke one (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi vacuum gravel me kahi hoʻonohonoho omo mālie) e wehe i nā ʻōpala a pale i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ammonia. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ke one—me ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki ke mau no 2-3 mau makahiki. I loko o nā terrariums, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke one i kēlā me kēia lā e wehe i nā ʻōpala, a pono e hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia 6-12 mahina e pale ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka bacteria a i ʻole ka ʻōpala. No nā terrariums reptile wao nahele, pono e kānana ʻia ke one i kēlā me kēia mahina e wehe i nā ʻōpala a mālama i kona ʻano palupalu.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ua lilo ke one kala i mea palekana a maʻalahi hoʻi no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā aquarium a me nā terrarium, e hoʻonui ana i ke ʻano o nā pā hale me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke olakino a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe o nā holoholona wai a me nā holoholona ʻāina. I ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka poʻe hobby i nā wahi noho kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ke one kala i kahi ala e hana ai i nā wahi nani a pono e hoʻokō ai i nā pono kūikawā o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole.