ʻO ka puaʻa hao hao he ʻano puaʻa me ka dispersibility maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa māmā maikaʻi a me ke kū ʻana i ka wā.ʻO ka hao hao ka lua o ka puaʻa inorganic nui loa ma hope o ka titanium dioxide a me ka puaʻa anorganic kala nui loa.Ma waena o nā puaʻa hao hao a pau i hoʻopau ʻia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka synthesis kemika, i kapa ʻia ʻo synthetic iron oxide.

Hiʻona:

1. Puehu maikai

2. Kūleʻa māmā maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā

3. Ke kū'ē i kaʻakika

4. Ke kū'ē i ka wai

5. Ke kū'ē i ka solvent

6. Kū'ē i nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe

7. Alkali kū'ē

8. Maikaʻi kala kala, ʻaʻohe koko, ʻaʻohe neʻe

Hoʻohana: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka puaʻa, pena, ka uhi ʻana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka kala Fertilizer, kala sima, kaʻa, nā pōhaku lepo i ke kūkulu ʻana.