ʻO Pedro Cantalejo, ke poʻo o ke ana ʻo Ardales Andalusian, e nānā ana i nā kiʻi pena o ke ana Neanderthal i loko o ke ana. Kiʻi: (AFP)
He mea hoʻopūhoihoi kēia ʻike ʻana no ka mea manaʻo ka poʻe he poʻe kahiko a hihiu nā Neanderthal, akā ʻo ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā ana ma mua o 60,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei he hana kupaianaha ia no lākou
Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka wā i noho ʻole ai nā kānaka hou i ka ʻāina ʻEulopa, ua kaha kiʻi nā Neanderthals i nā stalagmites ma ʻEulopa.
He mea hoʻopūhoihoi kēia ʻike ʻana no ka mea ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻalahi a hihiu nā Neanderthals, akā ʻo ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā ana ma mua o 60,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei he hana kupaianaha ia no lākou.
Ua hana ʻia nā kiʻi pena i loaʻa i loko o ʻekolu mau ana ma Sepania ma waena o 43,000 a me 65,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, 20,000 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kānaka hou i ʻEulopa. Hōʻoia kēia ua hana ʻia nā hana noʻeau e nā Neanderthals ma kahi o 65,000 mau makahiki i hala.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me kā Francesco d'Errico, ka mea kākau pū o kahi pepa hou ma ka makasina PNAS, he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa kēia ʻike, "wahi a kahi ʻatikala ʻepekema he mea kūlohelohe paha kēia mau pigments" a ʻo ia ka hopena o ke kahe ʻana o ka oxide hao. .
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi hou ʻaʻole kūlike ke ʻano a me ke kūlana o ka pena me nā kaʻina hana kūlohelohe. Akā, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pena ma ka pīpī ʻana a me ka puhi ʻana.
ʻO ka mea nui aku, ʻaʻole kūlike ko lākou ʻano me nā laʻana kūlohelohe i lawe ʻia mai ke ana mai, e hōʻike ana ua hele mai ka pigment mai kahi kumu waho.
Hōʻike ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā lā kikoʻī hou aku ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pigment i nā manawa like ʻole, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10,000 mau makahiki ka mamao.
Wahi a d'Errico o ke Kulanui o Bordeaux, "kākoʻo kēia i ke kuhiakau ua hele mai nā Neanderthals ma ʻaneʻi i nā manawa he nui i nā makahiki he mau tausani e hōʻailona i nā ana me ka pena."
He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike i ke "hana noʻeau" o nā Neanderthals me nā frescoes i hana ʻia e nā poʻe o kēia au prehistoric. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā frescoes i loaʻa ma nā ana ʻo Chauvie-Pondac ma Farani ma mua o 30,000 mau makahiki.
Akā, ua hoʻohui kēia ʻike hou i nā hōʻike hou aku ua nalowale ka moʻokūʻauhau Neanderthal ma kahi o 40,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ʻaʻole lākou nā hoahānau makaʻu o Homo sapiens i hōʻike lōʻihi ʻia he Homo sapiens.
Ua kākau ka hui ʻaʻole kēia mau pena he "kiʻi" ma ke ʻano haiki, "akā ʻo ka hopena ia o nā hana kiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau i ke ʻano hōʻailona o ka hakahaka."
Ua "hoʻokani ke ʻano o ke ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana hōʻailona o kekahi mau kaiāulu Neanderthal", ʻoiai he mea pohihihi nō ke ʻano o kēia mau hōʻailona.