He maikaʻi ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā puaʻa hao oxide, ke kūpaʻa māmā maikaʻi a me ke kū ʻana o ke aniau, ka nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, ka waihoʻoluʻu maikaʻi a me nā waiwai noi, a me nā waiwai absorption ultraviolet.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā mea kūkulu hale, nā uhi, nā plastics, nā uila, ka paka, Ma nā kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, rubber, ceramics, ink, magnetic material, pepa hana, etc.