ʻO ka graphite he ʻano kalapona kalapona.Hexagonal crystal system, ka inika hao i ka hina hina.ʻO ka Density 2.25 g/cm3, ka paʻakikī 1.5, ka helu heheʻe 3652 ℃, kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai 4827 ℃.ʻAno palupalu, me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka manaʻo conductive.ʻAʻole ʻeleʻele nā ​​waiwai kemika, pale i ka corrosion, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka hana me nā waikawa, alkalis, a pēlā aku.ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ikaika e hoʻoneʻe iā ia i loko o nā waikawa organik.Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he anti friction agent a me nā mea lubricating, e hana ana i nā crucibles, electrodes, nā pā maloʻo, a me nā alakaʻi penikala.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka graphite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me ka neutron moderator i nā reactor nuklea.Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka lanahu a i ʻole ke kēpau ʻeleʻele no ka mea, ua kuhi mua ʻia ʻo ia he kepau.

1. E like me nā mea refractory: graphite a me kāna mau huahana nā waiwai o ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.I ka ʻoihana metallurgical, hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā crucibles graphite.I ka hana kila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka graphite ma ke ʻano he mea pale no nā ingots kila a me ka uhi ʻana o ke kapuahi metallurgical.

2. E like me ka conductive mea: hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka uila 'oihana e hana electrodes, brushes, kalapona koʻokoʻo, kalapona paipu, maikaʻi electrodes no ka mercury maikaʻi transformers o kēia manawa, graphite gaskets, kelepona'āpana, uhi no ke kīwī paipu, etc.

3. Ma keʻano he lubricating mea pale lole: Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ka Graphite ma keʻano he lubricant i kaʻoihana mechanical.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻaila lubricating ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-mehana, a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai hiki i ka graphite wear-resistant material ke hana me ka ʻole o ka aila lubricating i nā wikiwiki sliding kiʻekiʻe i nā mahana o 200-2000 ℃.Nui nā mea e lawe ana i ka media corrosive i hana nui ʻia me nā mea graphite e hana i nā kīʻaha piston, nā apo sealing, a me nā bearings, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka aila lubricating i ka wā o ka hana.He lubricant maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka emulsion graphite no nā hana metala he nui.

4. He paʻa kemika maikaʻi ka graphite.Loaʻa i ka graphite kūikawā nā hiʻohiʻona o ka corrosion resistance, maikaʻi thermal conductivity, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā pahu pane, condensers, hale kiaʻi puhi, absorption towers, coolers, heaters, filters, a me nā lako pahū.Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me ka petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-base production, synthetic fibers, papermaking, etc., hiki ke mālama i ka nui o nā mea metala.

ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka graphite impermeable i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma muli o nā resins ʻokoʻa i loko.ʻO nā impregnators resin Phenolic he kūpaʻa ʻakika akā ʻaʻole kūpaʻa alkali;ʻO ka Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators he waika a me ka alkali.ʻOkoʻa ka pale wela o nā ʻano like ʻole: hiki i ke kalapona a me ka graphite ke kū i ka 2000-3000 ℃ i kahi ea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, a hoʻomaka i ka oxidize ma 350 ℃ a me 400 ℃ i loko o kahi ea oxidizing;ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka graphite impermeable me ka mea hana impregnating, a he mea maʻamau ka wela i lalo o 180 ℃ ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka phenolic a i ʻole furfuryl alcohol.

5. Ka hoʻolei ʻana, ke one, ka make a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela metallurgical mea: ma muli o ka coefficient liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela o ka graphite a me kona hiki ke kū i nā loli wikiwiki i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea aniani.Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka graphite, hiki i ka metala ferrous ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka nui, ka hua kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili maʻemaʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hana liʻiliʻi, no laila e mālama ai i ka nui o ka metala.ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana paʻa a me nā kaʻina hana metallurgy pauka e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea graphite e hana i nā waʻa seramika no ke kaomi ʻana a me ka sintering.ʻO ke kīʻaha ulu kristal, pahu hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūloko, mea kākoʻo, induction heat, etc. o ke silikoni monocrystalline ua hana ʻia mai ka graphite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka graphite ma ke ʻano he graphite insulation board a me ke kumu no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka vacuum, a me nā ʻāpana e like me ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana kūpaʻa puʻupuʻu umu, nā koʻokoʻo, nā papa, a me nā grids.

6. No ka 'oihana atomic ikehu a me ka 'oihana pale aupuni: graphite i maikai neutron moderator no ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka atomic reactors, a me ka uranium graphite reactor he 'ano o ka atomic reactor i hoʻohana nui 'ia.ʻO ka mea deceleration i hoʻohana ʻia i nā reactors atomic no ka mana e loaʻa i kahi helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion, a hiki i ka graphite ke hoʻokō pono i nā koi i luna.He kiʻekiʻe loa ke koi maʻemaʻe no ka graphite i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he atomic reactor, a ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia ma mua o ka nui o nā PPM.ʻO ka mea nui, pono ka liʻiliʻi o ka boron ma mua o 0.5PPM.Ma ka ʻoihana pale aupuni, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka graphite e hana i nā nozzles no nā pōhaku wahie paʻa, nā cones ihu no nā missiles, nā ʻāpana no nā lako hoʻokele lewa, nā mea insulation, a me nā mea pale radiation.

7. Hiki i ka graphite ke pale aku i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paila.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻāpana e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o ka pauka graphite (ma kahi o 4-5 grams no ka ton o ka wai) i ka wai hiki ke pale i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻili o ka paila.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka uhi graphite ma nā kapuahi metala, nā hale, nā alahaka, a me nā pipeline hiki ke pale i ka corrosion a me ka ʻōpala.

8. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka graphite e like me ke alakaʻi penikala, ka puaʻa, a me ka mea hoʻonani.Ma hope o ka hana kūikawā, hiki ke hana i ka graphite i nā mea kūikawā like ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā keʻena ʻoihana kūpono.

9. Electrode: He maikaʻi ko ka graphite a me ke kū'ē haʻahaʻa.Hiki ke hana ʻia nā electrodes graphite no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kapuahi a me nā kapuahi uila i loko o nā hale kila a me ke silika.