ʻO ka puaʻa hao hao he ʻano puaʻa me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa māmā maikaʻi, a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā.ʻEhā mau ʻano puaʻa kala, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iron oxide ʻulaʻula, ka hao melemele, ka hao ʻeleʻele, a me ka hao ʻeleʻele, e pili ana i ka hao oxides.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula iron oxide ka puaʻa nui (ʻoi aku ma kahi o 50% o nā puaʻa hao hao), a ʻo ka mica iron oxide i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā pigment anti rust a me ka hao hao hao i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo magnetic no ka ʻāpana o nā puaʻa hao hao.ʻO ka hao hao ka lua o ka puaʻa inorganic nui loa ma hope o ka titanium dioxide a me ka puaʻa anorganic kala nui loa.ʻOi aku ma mua o 70% o nā puaʻa iron oxide a pau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā ʻano hana synthesis kemika, i kapa ʻia ʻo synthetic iron oxide.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Synthetic iron oxide i nā kula e like me nā mea kūkulu hale, nā uhi, plastics, electronics, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, rubber, ceramics, inks, magnetic material, papermaking, etc. nā waihoʻoluʻu he nui, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, nā waiwai ʻona ʻole, ke kala maikaʻi a me ka hana noiʻi, a me ka hana ʻana o UV.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā puaʻa iron oxide no ke kala ʻana i nā huahana kekona ke lilo nei i mea maʻamau, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao oxide ʻulaʻula i loko o nā huahana paʻa pono e hoʻolohe i nā hōʻailona aʻe.1. E koho i ke kala maikai.Nui nā māka o ka ʻulaʻula iron oxide, a ʻo nā kala mai ka māmā a i ka hohonu.ʻO ka mua, koho i ke kala āu e māʻona ai.2. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā puaʻa i nā huahana paʻa hiki ke loaʻa i ka hopena i ka ikaika o ke kaila.ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena i ka ikaika o ka pahu.No laila, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka puaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka hiki.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana kala o ka puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻia.No laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koi no ka mana kala o nā puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.3. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻulaʻula hao hao ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o nā unahi hao i loko o ka media acidic.Inā ʻakika iki nā puaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hana nā puaʻa acidic me ka sima alkaline i kekahi ʻano, no laila ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka acidity o ka ʻeleʻele hao ʻulaʻula, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka iron oxide pigment kahi koi kūikawā no nā uhi hou a me nā ʻoihana thermoplastic.

He kūpono kēia huahana no nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau a me nā uhi wai.Loaʻa ka ʻaila ʻaila haʻahaʻa ma o kahi kaʻina hana wili kūikawā, kahi e hoʻohua ai i ka nui o ka nui o ka nui a me nā ʻāpana spherical (polygonal).He ana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomohu ʻaila haʻahaʻa no ka hana ʻana i nā uhi paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana waihoʻoluʻu maʻiʻo paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā inika no nā mea hoʻohuihui kūlohelohe.Manaʻo ʻia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ka wā o nā puaʻa hao oxide.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka puaʻa iron oxide ʻulaʻula depolymerized e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela a no laila ke hōʻike nei i kahi mea hao ʻulaʻula calcined paʻa paʻa.
Loaʻa i nā puaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea synthetic maʻamau.